As an exploration mining company, the Company faces the environmental, operational, financial and political risks inherent to the nature of its activities as well as other risks, such as fluctuations in commodity prices, exchange rates, and financial market conditions in general. As a result, the securities of the Company must be considered speculative. Prospective purchasers of the Common Shares should give careful consideration to all of the information contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and, in particular, the following risk factors:
Business Risk
The exploration and development of mineral deposits involve significant risks which even a combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge may not eliminate. All of the Company's mining properties are at the advanced exploration stage. There is no assurance that the Company's exploration programs will result in any discoveries of commercial ore bodies. The Company has numerous competitors with greater financial, technical and other resources.
Nature of Mineral Exploration and Mining
The Company's future is dependent on the Company's exploration and development programs. The exploration and development of mineral deposits involve significant financial risks over a significant period of time, which even a combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge may not eliminate. It is impossible to ensure that the current or proposed exploration programs on the Company's exploration properties will result in a profitable commercial mining operation.
The Company's operations are, and will continue to be, subject to all of the hazards and risks normally associated with exploration, development and production, any of which could result in damage to life or property, environmental damage and possible legal liability for any or all damage. The Company's activities may be subject to prolonged disruptions due to weather conditions depending on the location of operations in which the Company has interests. Hazards, such as unusual or unexpected formations, rock bursts, pressures, cave-ins, flooding or other conditions may be encountered in the drilling and removal of material. While the Company may obtain insurance against certain risks in such amounts as it considers adequate, the nature of these risks are such that liabilities could exceed policy limits or could be excluded from coverage. There are also risks against which the Company cannot insure or against which it may elect not to insure. The potential costs which could be associated with any liabilities not covered by insurance or in excess of insurance coverage or compliance with applicable laws and regulations may cause substantial delays and require significant capital outlays, adversely affecting the Company's earnings and competitive position in the future and, potentially, its financial position and results of operation.
Whether a deposit will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, some of which are the particular attributes of the deposit, such as its size and grade, proximity to infrastructure, financing costs and governmental regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, infrastructure, land use, importing and exporting of copper, zinc, silver or gold, revenue repatriation and environmental protection. The effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of these factors may result in the Company not receiving an adequate return on invested capital.
Infrastructure
Mining, processing, development and exploration activities depend, to one degree or another, on adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, bridges, power sources and water supply are important determinants, which affect capital and operating costs. Unusual or infrequent weather phenomena, sabotage, government or other interference in the maintenance or provision of such infrastructure could adversely affect the operations of the Company.
Land Title
The Company has taken reasonable measures in accordance with industry standards for properties at the same stage of exploration as those of the Company, to ensure proper title to its properties. However, there is no guarantee that title to any of its properties will not be challenged or impugned. The Company's properties may be subject to prior unregistered agreements or transfers and title may be affected, amongst other things, by undetected defects. The failure to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including a failure to pay taxes, carry out and file assessment work, may invalidate title to portions of the properties where the mineral rights are not held by the Company.
Capital Needs
The exploration, development, mining and processing of the Company's properties will require substantial additional financing. Two important sources of future funds available to the Company are the sale of additional equity capital and the borrowing of funds. There is no assurance that such funding will be available to the Company or that it will be obtained on terms favourable to the Company or will provide the Company with sufficient funds to meet its objectives, which may adversely affect the Company's business and financial position. Failure to obtain sufficient financing may result in delaying or indefinite postponement of exploration, development or production on any or all of the Company's properties or even a loss of property interest.
Dilution to the Company
The increase in the number of common shares in the market upon exercise of any of such convertible securities and the possibility of sales of such shares may have a depressive effect on the market price of the common shares. In addition, as a result of such additional common shares being issued, the voting power of the Company's existing shareholders will be substantially diluted.
Environmental Risks and Hazards
All phases of the operations of the Company are subject to environmental regulation in the jurisdictions in which it operates. These regulations mandate, among other things, the maintenance of air and water quality standards and land reclamation. They also set forth limitations on the generation, transportation, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner which will require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. There is no assurance that future changes in environmental regulation, if any, will not adversely affect the operations of the Company. Environmental hazards may exist on the properties on which the Company holds interests which are unknown to the Company at present and which have been caused by previous or existing owners or operators of the properties.
Government approvals and permits are currently, and may in the future be, required in connection with the operations of the Company. To the extent such approvals are required and not obtained, the Company may be curtailed or prohibited from continuing its operations or from proceeding with planned exploration or development of mineral properties.
Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions thereunder, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment, or remedial actions. Parties engaged in mining operations or in the exploration or development of mineral properties may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the mining activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations.
Amendments to current laws, regulations and permits governing operations and activities of mining and exploration companies, or more stringent implementation thereof, could have a material adverse impact on the mining operations and cause increases in exploration expenses, capital expenditures or production costs, or a reduction in production levels at producing properties or require the abandonment or delays in development of new mining properties.
Governmental Regulation
The operations of the Company are subject to extensive foreign laws and regulations governing exploration, development, production, exports, taxes, labour standards, waste disposal, protection and remediation of the environment, reclamation, historic and cultural resources preservation, mine safety and occupational health, handling, storage and transportation of hazardous substances and other matters. The costs of discovering, evaluating, planning, designing, developing, constructing, operating and closing the mines to be constructed on the land comprising the Bolivar property and the Cusi Properties and other facilities in compliance with such laws and regulations are significant. It is possible that the costs and delays associated with compliance with such laws and regulations could become such that the Company would not proceed with the development of or continue to operate a mine. As part of their normal course operating and development activities, the Company has expended significant resources, both financial and managerial, to comply with governmental and environmental regulations and permitting requirements, and will continue to do so in the future. Moreover, it is possible that future regulatory developments, such as increasingly strict environmental protection laws, regulations and enforcement policies thereunder, and claims for damages to property and persons resulting from the operations of the Company, could result in substantial costs and liabilities in the future.
Permitting
The operations of the Company are subject to receiving and maintaining permits from appropriate governmental authorities. Although the Company currently has all required permits for its operations as currently conducted, there is no assurance that delays will not occur in connection with obtaining all necessary renewals of such permits for the existing operations, additional permits for any possible future changes to operations or additional permits associated with new legislation. Prior to any development on any of its properties, the Company must receive permits from appropriate governmental authorities. There can be no assurance that the Company will continue to hold all permits necessary to develop or continue operating at any particular property.
Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions thereunder, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment, or remedial actions. Parties engaged in mining operations may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the mining activities and may be liable for civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations. Amendments to current laws, regulations and permitting requirements, or more stringent application of existing laws, may have a material adverse impact on the Company, resulting in increased capital expenditures or production costs, reduced levels of production at producing properties or abandonment or delays in development of properties.
Commodity Prices
The price of the common shares of the Company and the Company's financial results may be significantly adversely affected by a decline in the price of any or all of: copper, zinc, gold or silver. The prices of these commodities fluctuate widely, especially in recent years, and are affected by numerous factors beyond the Company's control such as the sale or purchase of such commodities by various central banks and financial institutions, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation or deflation, fluctuation in the value of the United States dollar and foreign currencies, global and regional supply and demand, and the political and economic conditions of countries which produce such commodities in significant quantities throughout the world.
Uninsured Risks
The Company's business is subject to a number of risks and hazards, including adverse environmental conditions, industrial accidents, labour disputes, unusual or unexpected geological conditions, ground or slope failures, cave-ins, and natural phenomena such as inclement weather conditions, floods and earthquakes. Such occurrences could result in damage to mineral properties or production facilities, personal injury or death, environmental damage to the Company's properties or the properties of others, delays in mining, monetary losses and possible legal liability.
Foreign Operations
The operations of the Company are currently conducted in Mexico and as such the operations of the Company are exposed to various levels of political, economic and other risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, terrorism, hostage taking, military repression, expropriation, extreme fluctuations in currency exchange rates, high rates of inflation, labour unrest, the risks of war or civil unrest, expropriation and nationalization, renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions, licenses, permits, approvals and contracts, illegal mining, changes in taxation policies, restrictions on foreign exchange and repatriation, and changing political conditions, currency controls and governmental regulations that favour or require the rewarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction.
Changes, if any, in mining or investment policies or shifts in political attitude in Mexico may adversely affect the operations or profitability of the Company. Operations may be affected in varying degrees by government regulations with respect to, but not limited to, restrictions on production, price controls, export controls, currency remittance, income taxes, expropriation of property, foreign investment, maintenance of claims, environmental legislation, land use, land claims of local people, water use and mine safety.
Failure to comply strictly with applicable laws, regulations and local practices relating to mineral right applications and tenure, could result in loss, reduction or expropriation of entitlements, or the imposition of additional local or foreign parties as joint venture partners with carried or other interests.
The occurrence of these various factors and uncertainties cannot be accurately predicted and could have an adverse effect on the operations of the Company.
Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
The Company is operating in a foreign country and with foreign currencies and is therefore subject to exchange rate risk. The Company purchases Mexican currency on an as needed basis and in accordance with its budget.
Uncertainty of Resource Estimates
The resource estimates in respect of the properties of the Company are based on limited information acquired through drilling and other sampling methods. No assurance can be given that the anticipated tonnages and grades will be achieved or that the indicated level of recovery will be realized. The grade of mineralization actually recovered may differ from the estimated average grades used to calculate the resource estimates. Such figures have been determined based upon assumed commodity prices and operating costs. Future production could differ dramatically from resource estimates for, among others, the following reasons:
- mineralization or formations could be different from those predicted by drilling, sampling and similar examinations;
- increases in operating mining costs and processing costs could adversely affect resources;
- the grade of the resources may vary significantly from time to time and there is no assurance that any particular level of copper, zinc, silver or gold may be recovered from the resources; and
- declines in the market price of copper, zinc, silver or gold may render the mining of some or all of the resources uneconomic.
Any of these factors may require the Company to reduce its resource estimates or increase its costs. Short-term factors, such as the need for the additional development of a deposit or the processing of new different grades, may impair the Company's profitability. Should the market price of metals fall, the Company could be required to materially write down its investment in mining properties or delay or discontinue production or the development of new projects.
Pilot Mining Program
No assurance can be given that the intended or expected results of production schedules or the estimated direct operating cash costs will be achieved in respect of the pilot mining program. Factors, such as the need for the orderly development of mineralized bodies or the processing of new or different ore grades, the prices of commodities and the operating costs may force the Company to terminate the pilot mining program.
Competition
The mineral exploration and mining business is competitive in all of its phases. The Company competes with numerous other companies and individuals, including competitors with greater financial, technical and other resources than the Company, in the search for and the acquisition of attractive mineral properties. The Company's ability to acquire properties in the future will depend on its ability to select and acquire suitable producing properties or prospects for mineral exploration. There is no assurance that the Company will continue to be able to compete successfully with its competitors in acquiring such properties or prospects.
Conflicts of Interest
Certain of the directors and officers of the Company also serve as directors and/or officers of other companies involved in natural resource exploration, development and mining operations and consequently there exists the possibility for such directors and officers to be in a position of conflict. Any decision made by any of such directors and officers will be made in accordance with their duties and obligations to deal fairly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. In addition, each of the directors is required to declare and refrain from voting on any matter in which such directors may have a conflict of interest in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Canada Business Corporations Act and other applicable laws.
Performance of Key Personnel
The Company is relying solely on its past business success of its officers to identify properties of merit. The success of the Company is dependent upon the efforts and abilities of its management team. The loss of any member of the management team could have a material adverse effect upon the business and prospects of the Company. In such event, the Company will seek satisfactory replacements but there can be no guarantee that appropriate personal may be found. The Company currently does not have key person insurance on these individuals.
Acquisition Strategy
As part of the Company's business strategy, it has sought and will continue to seek new exploration, mining and development opportunities in the resource industry. In pursuit of such opportunities, the Company may fail to select appropriate acquisition candidates or negotiate acceptable arrangements, including arrangements to finance acquisitions or integrate the acquired businesses and their personnel into the Company. The Company cannot assure that it can complete any acquisition or business arrangement that it pursues, or is pursuing, on favourable terms, or that any acquisitions or business arrangements completed will ultimately benefit the Company.
Political Risk
The Company believes that the government of Mexico supports the development of their natural resources by foreign companies. However, there is no assurance that future political and economic conditions in Mexico will not result in the Mexican government adopting different policies respecting foreign ownership of mineral resources, taxation, rates of exchange, environmental protection, labour relations, repatriation of income or return of capital. The possibility that a future government in Mexico may adopt substantially different policies, which might extend to the expropriation of assets, cannot be ruled out.
Share Price Fluctuations
In recent years, the securities markets in Canada have experienced a high level of price and volume volatility and the market price of securities of many companies, particularly those considered development-stage companies, have experienced wide fluctuations in price which would have not necessarily been related to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospect of such companies. There can be no assurance that continual fluctuations in price will not occur.
No Dividends
The Company has not paid any dividends on its common shares during the past five years. Any decision to pay dividends on its shares in the future will be dependent upon the financial requirements of the Company to finance future growth, the financial condition of the Company and other factors which the board of directors of the Company may consider appropriate in the circumstances.